task #5

1)  talk about british society steryotypes/respresents muslims :

terrorist ( london 7/7/ ,  9/11 , article about ken livingston being angry with survey results )

negative steryotype such as family guy and ahmed the dead terrorist comdey video on u tube

muslims were represented in the 1990s and now how they are represented eg abu hamza

shariaw law wanted (political) warsi the conservative party

talk about the diffrence of east is east of being imigrants and now four lions is on terrorism post 9/11

citizen khan

for muslims to be accepted we need to me like amir khan and his success (positve) talk about the survey where british muslims are proud

the start of the chairty of MAMA muslims being attacked , is this not terrorisim ?

Task #4

http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/nov/14/pressandpublishing.religion?INTCMP=SRCH

Study shows 'demonisation' of Muslims Wednesday 14 November 2007

- The London mayor, Ken Livingstone, who commissioned the study, said the findings were a "damning indictment" of the media and urged editors and programme makers to review the way they portray Muslims.

- " Only 4% of the 352 articles studied were positive, he said.


http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/sheffield/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8678000/8678570.stm

7/7 complaints

The film's controversy spread before it opened to the public; families of those killed in the London bomb attacks in 2005 appealed to cinemas not to show the film.

Graham Foulkes' 22-year-old son David was on the Tube train targeted by a suicide bomber at Edgware Road, on the day that 52 people were killed on July 7th. Graham Foulkes told BBC Radio 5 Live that while parody and satire have a part to play in examining serious issues, Four Lions is too close to the bone:

"Four lads from the north, all with strong Yorkshire accents - and the bombers were from Yorkshire - travelling down to London. It's very specific. It's very aligned to what happened in 2005 and they talk about bombing in London. That's not parodying or being satirical about terrorists. It's making money about a specific attack."

"A film like this is obviously a very strong counterpoint to the very serious side of [terrorism

http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/08/29/citizen-khan-is-not-just-outdated-but-lazy-and-offensive/

Growing up in the ‘70s, my family would tune into Mind Your Language, however racist it looked and sounded, and face a sad kind of reality – that this was how they were seen – as ignorant, buffoonish immigrants.


http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/features/3948185/Survey-Most-patriotic-Brits-are-Muslims.html

Kashif Hussein, 21, a student at University College London, said: “I feel British and Muslim but since 9/11 we have to show it more, to interact more, to show that we’re not that stereotype.”
http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2013/01/knee-jerk-islamophobia-why-trevor-kavanagh-wrong-about-british-muslims

 We’ve heard a lot about belonging and loyalty and allegiance, Muslim first or British first. On Saturday Mo Farah gave us the answer: British Muslim and proud proud proud."

Task #3

Terrorists Among Us: Jihad in America, a PBS documentary first aired nationwide in 1994, was produced by investigative reporter Steven Emerson after the first bombing of the World Trade Towers in 1993. The documentary was recently updated following terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001.

In making this groundbreaking documentary, Emerson was the first American journalist to document in chilling video the militant Islamic support networks and terrorist groups secretly operating on American soil. Counter-terrorism officials from the National Security Council, Justice Department, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have acknowledged that Emerson's documentary demonstrated that he had more reliable and accurate information about the secret terrorist networks on American soil than the US Government . Emerson was successful in infiltrating key conferences and rallies with hidden cameras in an effort to track down the people responsible for supporting and abetting terrorist activities on U.S. soil. At these events, and on this film, these extremists state their chilling intentions in their own words.

 The film, then and now, has brought the attention of the U.S. government authorities to the network of Islamic extremists in the United States that promote a culture of hatred, arrange for training in bomb-making and target practice, raise funds for militant groups in the Middle East, and in some cases, support terrorist attacks on U.S. soil. The film tracks down and shows interviews with a network of Islamic extremists in New York, Boston, New Jersey, Texas, California, Florida and Kansas, detailing their hatred and violent intentions against all Americans, including Christians, moderate Muslims and Jews in the United States.

 Emerson emphasizes throughout the one-hour documentary that the majority of Muslims in the United States do not support terrorist activities. He also says that Islam, as a faith, condemns such acts of terrorism. Emerson also notes, that the Islamic extremists who promote and carry out Jihad, are as a great a threat to moderate Muslims as they are to Christians, Jews and all American citizens.

 The video is an educational call to action for the American public, to provide U.S. law enforcement authorities with the tools they need to deal with this real threat to the American way of life. By educating the public, the film suggests that effective preventative measures can then be taken. Suggestions by counter-terrorism experts throughout the video help us understand the scope of the threat and what needs to be done to protect U.S. citizens, while at the same time preserving civil liberties.

• How is it similar/different to your main text?

Similar:
The way it is similar is that the documentary still potrays muslims as the extremiests, attackers and
terrorist that are trying to attack the western world.

muslims are demonised

Diffrent:
This is more serious and my main text mimics such an dangerous activity which has been used to killed example 9/11. My main text is a comedy and this is a documentary.

• How does this show how the genre/society/issue has changed?

this shows that society now laugh and find things that are bad to our society fun for example terrorism is dangerous and terrosit jihad activities have killed people in the past, but now society escapes from that and finds films such as four lions funny. if this film was to be shown 10 years ago when 9/11 took place there would be huge amounts of complaints because at the time people were still sufering from the events and the loss of family and freinds. maybe this now shows that society have learnt to relax and understand that comedy is comedy.

Task #2 BIB

All Authors / Contributors:	Julian Petley; Robin Richardson Book : Pointing the finger: Islam & Muslims in the british media
ISBN:	9781851688135 1851688137 1851688129 9781851688128
OCLC Number:	670484528
Description:	xxii, 300 p. ; 24 cm.
Responsibility:	[edited by] Julian Petley and Robin Richardson ISBN: 9781409417576 1409417573 0754651401 9780754651406 0754651398 9780754651390 OCLC Number: 698587318 Description: 1 online resource (210 p.) Contents: pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. History in context -- pt. 3. A decade of the Runnymede Report -- pt. 4. Islamophobia in context -- pt. 5. Towards a new theory and definition of Islamophobia -- pt. 6. Conclusion. Responsibility: Chris Allen. Genre/Form: Electronic books Additional Physical Format: Print version: Allen, Christopher. Islamophobia.Farnham, Surrey ; Burlington, Vt. : Ashgate, c2010 (DLC) 2010028981 Material Type: Internet resource Document Type: Internet Resource, Computer File ISBN: 9781409417576 1409417573 0754651401 9780754651406 0754651398 9780754651390 OCLC Number: 698587318 Description: 1 online resource (210 p.) Contents: pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. History in context -- pt. 3. A decade of the Runnymede Report -- pt. 4. Islamophobia in context -- pt. 5. Towards a new theory and definition of Islamophobia -- pt. 6. Conclusion. Responsibility: Chris Allen. Book : Making Muslims the enemy Genre/Form: Caricatures and cartoons Material Type: Internet resource Document Type: Book, Internet Resource All Authors / Contributors: Peter Gottschalk; Gabriel Greenberg ISBN: 9780742552869 0742552861 OCLC Number: 87130031 Description: x, 181 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Contents: Overview of western encounters with Muslims -- Symbols of Islam, symbols of difference -- Stereotyping Muslims and establishing the American norm -- Extreme Muslims and the American middle ground --Moments. Responsibility: Peter Gottschalk and Gabriel Greenberg. Islamophobia : the ideological campaign against Muslims Author: Stephen Sheehi Publisher: Atlanta, GA : Clarity Press, ©2011. Edition/Format:  Book : English ISBN: 9780932863676 0932863671 OCLC Number: 449891976 Description: 291 p. ; 23 cm. Contents: The elite foreign policy networks : how Islamophobia is not just prejudice -- Journalists, rogue academics, and native informants : the siege of the Arab mind -- Native informants : women and the moral pretext for Western domination -- Teaching and activism in the teeth of power -- Living in a state of fear -- Islamophobia in the age of Obama -- The parallax of American power : keeping the United States relevant. Responsibility: Stephen Sheehi.

Textual Analysis 4 Lions & Citizen Khan

4 Lions

Media language

What techniques are being used to make meaning in the text?

In this clip the camera used is a handheld camera which gives the audience the view of that the character is wanting you to watch his actions. The clothing of the male is typical Muslim clothing which allows the audience to feel that the character is an extremist and radical. The prop of the gun in the hand gives a negative representation on Muslims making audiences feel that he is violent the setting around him has been set out to look like a camp which can be associated with Afghanistan and the Taliban.  His accent also is a northern accent which gives a negative representation on northern Muslims. The use of the word “paki” is reminding audiences that the character is Muslim and it can image all Pakistanis to be extremist violent people.  The camera shot slowly zooms out which shows the whole picture. The other character runs out screaming words in Arabic which again associates with another bad Muslim, wearing the same type of clothing which makes the audience feel that they are all one group. the character makes a joke about James bond which is associated with the western world and can mean that Muslims shouldn’t act like James fuck bond.  Also when he says you are giving out signals it shows that all Muslims should be under cover and not let the non Muslims find out what we are up to. 

Institution

Who produces, distributes, regulates the text?

Directed by Chris Morris

Produced by Mark Herbert

Written by Chris Morris

Studio Film4 Productions

Wild Bunch

Optimum Releasing

Warp Films

Distributed by Optimum Releasing

Release date(s) 7 May 2010 (2010-05-07)

 Country United Kingdom

Language English

Urdu

Box office £2,892,209

Marketing strategy was television broadcast adverts and print broadcast media.

Genre

The genre is comedy.

Representation

Muslims are being represented negative example the character is shown with a gun and is firing it into the sky with the Islamic clothing on; this film shows that all Muslims are on an undercover mission to be terrorists. The representation being made is what the media have represented all Muslims to be. Non-Muslims would say this representation unfair and challenges the real representation which should be peaceful and a loving religion. Secondly non-Muslims would say this is a fair representation especially of Muslims not living in the western world.

Citizen Khan source taken from Shazias blog ... all copy rights from shazia adats media blog page.

The techniques used to make meaning in the text is by using the main character Mr Khan as he uses the newspaper as prop but the newspapers carries meaning / semiotics( Barthes) as the newspaper connotes damaging or professional look. The camera work used through the whole text is mainly wide shot of the kitchen to show where the discussion of immigration is taking place, they also use a medium shot at the beginning of Mrs Khan cooking to show she is providing for the family, another medium shot is of Mr khan picking up the newspaper to show he is the man of the house this is showing the roles of a British Asian family. Throughout the text the actors wear clothing such as Indian clothes/English suits with a Pakistani twist to help the audience find a sense of personal values or even identifying or gaining insight of themselves. They use high key lighting including in the text to show it is a happy environment to show it is family eating breakfast together this shows how westernised Asian have become throughout the the post-colonial era. The sound used is diegetic which is included in the show which is dialogue which is mostly spoken by the man of the house Mr Khan and there is also non-diegetic sound of people laughing in the beginning as it is a comedy. They used edit such as cuts to move quick from one shot to another.

The people who produce,regulate and distributed the text are as it is is a Non-Hollywood production it is regulated by OFCOM as it is a sitcom made in Britain by the BBC. The show was promoted through short trailers on BBC which last usually around 30 seconds, it had gained publicity after it was shown through social networking such as twitter and Facebook as people were furious of the stereotypes of Muslims Broadcasted through public broadcasting as there BBC mission statement was to ' inform, educate and entertain.'

The type of text it is a sitcom, it is a parody of the writer's life as he has been through this personally, the setting is mostly in public and personal places such as the mosque & the house ( set in sparkhill, Birmingham), The narrative (todorov) is that Mr Khan who thinks is a community leader is always trying become top and pulls in his family e.g. is wife who serves him domestically 24/7 as you see in the text and his two daughter one who is Shazia and is getting married to Amjad and the other Alia who seems to be a practising Muslims but that is her disguise as she is always outgoing. This brings a social aspect of today's changing society as Muslims women are going out to work as the growth of feminism ( judith bulter).

The message they are trying to get represented in the text is a negative representation of Muslims as it shows west vs east take (Edward Said) and this shows that Mr Khan can't decided what side he is on . They also stereotype challenges Islam as whole as they make fun of what goes n in the mosque. The audience in which consume the text are mainly the psychogrpahics ( young & rubicam) mainstreamer as they want to stick to BBC as BBC's Mission Statement is to 'Inform, Educate & entertain' in which people get pleasure out of. Demographics category of B,C1 nd C2 and the ages of 16-35 as it is after prime time The narrative pleasure in which the audience gains from this text is dramatic irony , identification, alienation and entertainment, they are getting entertain by the comedy which leads to them getting identified with the actors as they related to them. The way this text is received Hall's theory) is oppositional as they see the stereotype of Europeans/Pakistanis as he discuss that they are immigrants taking over their jobs and the preferred reading is that Immigrants are stealing jobs.

The values that are underpinning the text are liberal values that are multi-culturalism and positive values from BBC of their mission statement to educate, inform & educate to meet to their television needs ( Maslow hierarchy needs) and it has sense of a matriarchal and patriarchal society as the women are seen as domestic goddess and the men are the ones who go out to work.

The narrative in the text is organised and structured as it has a open narrative which they can discuss any topic through the series, most the trailers has enigma code (Barthes), the linear narrative is chronological order as they show it from a narrative structure as equilibrium (introduce to the family) -disequilibrium 9 Mr Khan does something crazy to upset his family)-new equilibrium ( resolves it by making his family happy). In the text there are many Binary opposites such as Mum vs Dad and Love vs Haterd.

Critical Investigation Response (Sasha) :)

WWW what impressed you: 
Has started to quote from books and articles
Has had a clear understanding of his topic and started to look into it in depth
Has a range of angles and examples to be looking at such as TV documentries to newspaper articles
Use of previous class work/examples that is connected to his topic

EBI what needs more work / isn't currently clear:

Start to look and quote more academic texts (Lecturers etc)
And perhaps into more figures in the media (past and present)  that have had an impact such as : Sadam Hussein , etc ...
Also if your looking at all types of media perhaps looking into authors and their books e.g salman rushdie satanic verses- which had huge impact on the culture and history of islam .


LR - ask a question that your partner needs to respond to :

As your doing a music video for your Production work ....
What type of Islamophobia is there in the music industry and if not then why so? - Is it because they (artists / producers) fear the outcomes ?

Islamphobia Research ! Critical Investigation Research !

Does the media encourage Islamphobia?

Research:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luzMCi920J4&safe=active

http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/the-northerner/2012/sep/05/bradford-response-cabinet-reshuffle

• The news that the first and only Muslim Asian woman in politics from the north of England has been moved out of the Coalition cabinet in the mid-term reshuffle

•  Tory DNA is in essence white, male, Anglo Saxon and Protestant to its core.
• PM's controversial speec on multiculturalism and British Isla at the Munich Security Conference in February 2011, Cameron called on Muslims to embrace British values.
• Throughout her political tenure she has been key to helping the party formulate its policy on terrorism and extremism
• In one of the very few interventions she made on behalf of the Muslim community - when she gave a speech condemning Islamophobia and declared that prejudice against Muslims had "passed the dinner table test - her party seemed to turn on her.

http://www.channel4.com/news/is-islamaphobia-becoming-acceptable

http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b01n8zwn/Week_In_Week_Out_Undercover_Islamic_Extremists/

http://www.channel4.com/search/?q=islamophobia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUjUtdktExY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NVPNKCzWcI

Research:

http://www.guardianbookshop.co.uk/BerteShopWeb/viewProduct.do?ISBN=9781851688128

^^ Pointing the Finger By Julian Petley BOOK

• Since 9/11, Islam has rarely left the headlines in the UK, With one leading newspaper describing the Muslim community as a "troublesome minority"

http://www.fairuk.org/docs/islamophobia-in-the-media-

since-911-christopherallen.pdf#

^^ Christopher Allen, September 2001, article

Christopher Allen: Islamophobia in the Media since 9/11

• According to Christopher Allan, “the media’s portrayal and representation of islam” has “been one of the most prevalent, virulent and socially significant sources of Islamophobia in this country.”

• “it is fair to state that it is the most accessible and indiscriminate disseminator of suchideas in our global environment.”

• “Through indiscriminately saddling stories about Muslims in Afghanistan and Palestine with similar stories of Muslims in Britain, both the press and the wider media have deliberately overlooked the diversity that exists in both the British and global Islamic community.”

• “For the majority of the British media, this has been stated and subsequently reiterated in a way that stresses that this is probable of ALL Muslims.”

 

•  This repetitious use of Abu Hamsa's face and his subsequent words have
  brought about a situation where those reading this and who are ignorant of the
  Muslim community, must begin to believe that he is a significant and largely
  representative voice.

• He has become the press's mythical, personified construct that incorporates all the
  Islamophobic stereotypes that have become the pretext for much contemporary
  reporting. He is the Islamophobe's perfect caricature.
• the media is seeking out those with the loudest voices who fit their own agenda rather than fitting the agenda around the more significant voices, deliberately suggesting a cynicism where all Muslims have synonymous views.
• The press have cleverly intertwined many other xenophobically charged issues into their coverage.
• Islamophobia is dangerous because it does not respect the individual. It is an
indiscriminate prejudice that tarnishes every Muslim irrespective of social, ethnic or cultural orientation.
• that it has its effects on the motives and attitudes of millions of individuals, that in turn determines their behaviour to and beliefs about Muslims.

http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2011/07/22/media-blamed-for-islamophobia-in-britain

• Brits are most likely to blame the media for Islamophobia in the UK, according to a new survey.
• Asked "which one of the following groups do you think is most to blame for Islamophobia in the UK", 29% of people blamed the media.
• 'Muslims abroad' came second, with 14% of the vote, followed by far-right political groups such as the BNP, with 13%.
• Eleven per cent blamed Muslims in the UK while ten per cent blamed politicians and government.
• Only one per cent of respondents questioned whether there was Islamophobia in the UK.
• The ComRes survey found that young people were more likely to blame the media for fear of Muslims while older people were more likely to blame Muslims in the UK.
• Just 18% of the 65+ age group blamed the media, compared to 40% of 18 to 24-year-olds.
• When asked whether Muslims in the UK were to blame, only eight per cent of 18-24s agreed, compared to 15% of 55 to 63-year olds.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1528485/Media-contributing-to-rise-of-Islamophobia.html

• Muhammad Abdul Bari, the secretary-general of the Muslim Council of Britain, fears that continued negative attitudes towards people of his faith could provoke a vast and angry backlash.
• "There are a few bad apples in the Muslim community who are doing terrible acts and we want to root them out," Dr Bari told The Sunday Telegraph.
• "But some police officers and sections of the media are demonising Muslims, treating them as if they're all terrorists — and that encourages other people to do the same
• "If that demonisation continues, then Britain will have to deal with two million Muslim terrorists — 700,000 of them in London," he said. "If you attack a whole community, it becomes despondent and aggressive."
• He did not understand why "the whole of our diverse community" was being targeted. "When the IRA was blowing people up, the entire Catholic population of Britain was not demonised, so why is it happening to the Muslim community?"
• He said it was "ridiculous" that moderate Muslims had been accused of not speaking out. "When we speak we are ignored by the media, but when Abu Hamza or Omar Bakri Mohammed say something they are all over the papers."
• Islamophobia was also making it hard for Muslims to rise to senior jobs, and unemployment among Muslims was far higher than the national average.
• He called for more Muslim representation in the police force, Parliament and other areas of public life. "Young Muslims need role models to show them they can play a part in British society."
• His comments come days after Peter Clarke, the head of the Metropolitan Police anti-terrorist branch, said "thousands" of British Muslims were being watched by police and MI5 over suspected terrorist links.

http://www.islamicinvitationturkey.com/2012/08/12/london-olympics-spread-islamophobia/

• While Muslims are major victims of racial hatred and terror in the British society, now as the world’s most significant sports event takes place, once again these victims are considered as suspects and accusing fingers have been pointed at them.
• According to a TELL MAMA project, the main victims of Islamophobic attacks in Britain are Muslim women and of those, the most likely to be subjected to anti-Muslim incidents are those wearing hijab.
• The research also found that the main perpetrators of the anti-Muslim attacks in the UK are white males between the ages of 20 and 50, with one third of them having a link to the far-right English Defence League (EDL) or the British National Party (BNP).

http://www.channel4.com/news/exclusive-blair-condemns-plans-to-burn-koran

• Former Prime Minister Tony Blair tells Channel 4 News that plans to burn copies of the Koran do not represent the west, as President Obama warns it could be used as an al-Qaeda recruitment tool
• Obama urged Pastor Terry Jones to reconsider his decision, saying it could endanger US troops.
• "This is a recruitment bonanza for al-Qaeda
• "You could have serious violence in places like Pakistan or Afghanistan. This could increase the recruitment of individuals who would be willing to blow themselves up in American cities or European cities," he said.

• Former prime minister Tony Blair who set up a Faith Foundation told Channel 4 News "This will undoubtedly be used by people who want to exploit these issues to say 'this shows what the west thinks of Islam; what Christians think of Muslims', and of course it's completely wrong, but this is why it's such a stupid and disgraceful and disrespectful thing to do
• There has been a huge increase in the rise of Islamophobia both in Europe and the US. The recent examples of banning minarets in Switzerland and the banning of veils in France clearly shows that the entire Muslim community has been demonised.
• "The most recent example of the German chancellor awarding a national honour to the cartoonist who caused a huge disturbance of public peace was as an irresponsible act which promotes people to incite religious and racial hatred," he said.

Peter Gottschalk: Islamophobia, Making Muslims the Enemy BOOK

• The words that come to mind when brainstorming Islam or Muslim most americans had given were accoiciated with violence : Osama Bin laden, 9/11, Suicide bombers, jihad, veiling, islamic laws, saudi arabia, iraq, iran and muhammed ali.

 

 

Media Capital and the Representation of South Asian Muslims in the British Press: An Ideological Analysis Journal

 

- As a result of racism and discrimination in the labour market, far less of the Muslim community is managerial or professional in socio-economic status.

 

- Muslims have been characterised as barbaric, ignorant, closed-minded semi-citizens, maddened terrorists or as intolerant religious zealots.

 

-