Task #2 BIB

All Authors / Contributors:	Julian Petley; Robin Richardson Book : Pointing the finger: Islam & Muslims in the british media
ISBN:	9781851688135 1851688137 1851688129 9781851688128
OCLC Number:	670484528
Description:	xxii, 300 p. ; 24 cm.
Responsibility:	[edited by] Julian Petley and Robin Richardson ISBN: 9781409417576 1409417573 0754651401 9780754651406 0754651398 9780754651390 OCLC Number: 698587318 Description: 1 online resource (210 p.) Contents: pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. History in context -- pt. 3. A decade of the Runnymede Report -- pt. 4. Islamophobia in context -- pt. 5. Towards a new theory and definition of Islamophobia -- pt. 6. Conclusion. Responsibility: Chris Allen. Genre/Form: Electronic books Additional Physical Format: Print version: Allen, Christopher. Islamophobia.Farnham, Surrey ; Burlington, Vt. : Ashgate, c2010 (DLC) 2010028981 Material Type: Internet resource Document Type: Internet Resource, Computer File ISBN: 9781409417576 1409417573 0754651401 9780754651406 0754651398 9780754651390 OCLC Number: 698587318 Description: 1 online resource (210 p.) Contents: pt. 1. Introduction -- pt. 2. History in context -- pt. 3. A decade of the Runnymede Report -- pt. 4. Islamophobia in context -- pt. 5. Towards a new theory and definition of Islamophobia -- pt. 6. Conclusion. Responsibility: Chris Allen. Book : Making Muslims the enemy Genre/Form: Caricatures and cartoons Material Type: Internet resource Document Type: Book, Internet Resource All Authors / Contributors: Peter Gottschalk; Gabriel Greenberg ISBN: 9780742552869 0742552861 OCLC Number: 87130031 Description: x, 181 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Contents: Overview of western encounters with Muslims -- Symbols of Islam, symbols of difference -- Stereotyping Muslims and establishing the American norm -- Extreme Muslims and the American middle ground --Moments. Responsibility: Peter Gottschalk and Gabriel Greenberg. Islamophobia : the ideological campaign against Muslims Author: Stephen Sheehi Publisher: Atlanta, GA : Clarity Press, ©2011. Edition/Format:  Book : English ISBN: 9780932863676 0932863671 OCLC Number: 449891976 Description: 291 p. ; 23 cm. Contents: The elite foreign policy networks : how Islamophobia is not just prejudice -- Journalists, rogue academics, and native informants : the siege of the Arab mind -- Native informants : women and the moral pretext for Western domination -- Teaching and activism in the teeth of power -- Living in a state of fear -- Islamophobia in the age of Obama -- The parallax of American power : keeping the United States relevant. Responsibility: Stephen Sheehi.

Textual Analysis 4 Lions & Citizen Khan

4 Lions

Media language

What techniques are being used to make meaning in the text?

In this clip the camera used is a handheld camera which gives the audience the view of that the character is wanting you to watch his actions. The clothing of the male is typical Muslim clothing which allows the audience to feel that the character is an extremist and radical. The prop of the gun in the hand gives a negative representation on Muslims making audiences feel that he is violent the setting around him has been set out to look like a camp which can be associated with Afghanistan and the Taliban.  His accent also is a northern accent which gives a negative representation on northern Muslims. The use of the word “paki” is reminding audiences that the character is Muslim and it can image all Pakistanis to be extremist violent people.  The camera shot slowly zooms out which shows the whole picture. The other character runs out screaming words in Arabic which again associates with another bad Muslim, wearing the same type of clothing which makes the audience feel that they are all one group. the character makes a joke about James bond which is associated with the western world and can mean that Muslims shouldn’t act like James fuck bond.  Also when he says you are giving out signals it shows that all Muslims should be under cover and not let the non Muslims find out what we are up to. 

Institution

Who produces, distributes, regulates the text?

Directed by Chris Morris

Produced by Mark Herbert

Written by Chris Morris

Studio Film4 Productions

Wild Bunch

Optimum Releasing

Warp Films

Distributed by Optimum Releasing

Release date(s) 7 May 2010 (2010-05-07)

 Country United Kingdom

Language English

Urdu

Box office £2,892,209

Marketing strategy was television broadcast adverts and print broadcast media.

Genre

The genre is comedy.

Representation

Muslims are being represented negative example the character is shown with a gun and is firing it into the sky with the Islamic clothing on; this film shows that all Muslims are on an undercover mission to be terrorists. The representation being made is what the media have represented all Muslims to be. Non-Muslims would say this representation unfair and challenges the real representation which should be peaceful and a loving religion. Secondly non-Muslims would say this is a fair representation especially of Muslims not living in the western world.

Citizen Khan source taken from Shazias blog ... all copy rights from shazia adats media blog page.

The techniques used to make meaning in the text is by using the main character Mr Khan as he uses the newspaper as prop but the newspapers carries meaning / semiotics( Barthes) as the newspaper connotes damaging or professional look. The camera work used through the whole text is mainly wide shot of the kitchen to show where the discussion of immigration is taking place, they also use a medium shot at the beginning of Mrs Khan cooking to show she is providing for the family, another medium shot is of Mr khan picking up the newspaper to show he is the man of the house this is showing the roles of a British Asian family. Throughout the text the actors wear clothing such as Indian clothes/English suits with a Pakistani twist to help the audience find a sense of personal values or even identifying or gaining insight of themselves. They use high key lighting including in the text to show it is a happy environment to show it is family eating breakfast together this shows how westernised Asian have become throughout the the post-colonial era. The sound used is diegetic which is included in the show which is dialogue which is mostly spoken by the man of the house Mr Khan and there is also non-diegetic sound of people laughing in the beginning as it is a comedy. They used edit such as cuts to move quick from one shot to another.

The people who produce,regulate and distributed the text are as it is is a Non-Hollywood production it is regulated by OFCOM as it is a sitcom made in Britain by the BBC. The show was promoted through short trailers on BBC which last usually around 30 seconds, it had gained publicity after it was shown through social networking such as twitter and Facebook as people were furious of the stereotypes of Muslims Broadcasted through public broadcasting as there BBC mission statement was to ' inform, educate and entertain.'

The type of text it is a sitcom, it is a parody of the writer's life as he has been through this personally, the setting is mostly in public and personal places such as the mosque & the house ( set in sparkhill, Birmingham), The narrative (todorov) is that Mr Khan who thinks is a community leader is always trying become top and pulls in his family e.g. is wife who serves him domestically 24/7 as you see in the text and his two daughter one who is Shazia and is getting married to Amjad and the other Alia who seems to be a practising Muslims but that is her disguise as she is always outgoing. This brings a social aspect of today's changing society as Muslims women are going out to work as the growth of feminism ( judith bulter).

The message they are trying to get represented in the text is a negative representation of Muslims as it shows west vs east take (Edward Said) and this shows that Mr Khan can't decided what side he is on . They also stereotype challenges Islam as whole as they make fun of what goes n in the mosque. The audience in which consume the text are mainly the psychogrpahics ( young & rubicam) mainstreamer as they want to stick to BBC as BBC's Mission Statement is to 'Inform, Educate & entertain' in which people get pleasure out of. Demographics category of B,C1 nd C2 and the ages of 16-35 as it is after prime time The narrative pleasure in which the audience gains from this text is dramatic irony , identification, alienation and entertainment, they are getting entertain by the comedy which leads to them getting identified with the actors as they related to them. The way this text is received Hall's theory) is oppositional as they see the stereotype of Europeans/Pakistanis as he discuss that they are immigrants taking over their jobs and the preferred reading is that Immigrants are stealing jobs.

The values that are underpinning the text are liberal values that are multi-culturalism and positive values from BBC of their mission statement to educate, inform & educate to meet to their television needs ( Maslow hierarchy needs) and it has sense of a matriarchal and patriarchal society as the women are seen as domestic goddess and the men are the ones who go out to work.

The narrative in the text is organised and structured as it has a open narrative which they can discuss any topic through the series, most the trailers has enigma code (Barthes), the linear narrative is chronological order as they show it from a narrative structure as equilibrium (introduce to the family) -disequilibrium 9 Mr Khan does something crazy to upset his family)-new equilibrium ( resolves it by making his family happy). In the text there are many Binary opposites such as Mum vs Dad and Love vs Haterd.

Critical Investigation Response (Sasha) :)

WWW what impressed you: 
Has started to quote from books and articles
Has had a clear understanding of his topic and started to look into it in depth
Has a range of angles and examples to be looking at such as TV documentries to newspaper articles
Use of previous class work/examples that is connected to his topic

EBI what needs more work / isn't currently clear:

Start to look and quote more academic texts (Lecturers etc)
And perhaps into more figures in the media (past and present)  that have had an impact such as : Sadam Hussein , etc ...
Also if your looking at all types of media perhaps looking into authors and their books e.g salman rushdie satanic verses- which had huge impact on the culture and history of islam .


LR - ask a question that your partner needs to respond to :

As your doing a music video for your Production work ....
What type of Islamophobia is there in the music industry and if not then why so? - Is it because they (artists / producers) fear the outcomes ?

Islamphobia Research ! Critical Investigation Research !

Does the media encourage Islamphobia?

Research:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luzMCi920J4&safe=active

http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/the-northerner/2012/sep/05/bradford-response-cabinet-reshuffle

• The news that the first and only Muslim Asian woman in politics from the north of England has been moved out of the Coalition cabinet in the mid-term reshuffle

•  Tory DNA is in essence white, male, Anglo Saxon and Protestant to its core.
• PM's controversial speec on multiculturalism and British Isla at the Munich Security Conference in February 2011, Cameron called on Muslims to embrace British values.
• Throughout her political tenure she has been key to helping the party formulate its policy on terrorism and extremism
• In one of the very few interventions she made on behalf of the Muslim community - when she gave a speech condemning Islamophobia and declared that prejudice against Muslims had "passed the dinner table test - her party seemed to turn on her.

http://www.channel4.com/news/is-islamaphobia-becoming-acceptable

http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b01n8zwn/Week_In_Week_Out_Undercover_Islamic_Extremists/

http://www.channel4.com/search/?q=islamophobia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUjUtdktExY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NVPNKCzWcI

Research:

http://www.guardianbookshop.co.uk/BerteShopWeb/viewProduct.do?ISBN=9781851688128

^^ Pointing the Finger By Julian Petley BOOK

• Since 9/11, Islam has rarely left the headlines in the UK, With one leading newspaper describing the Muslim community as a "troublesome minority"

http://www.fairuk.org/docs/islamophobia-in-the-media-

since-911-christopherallen.pdf#

^^ Christopher Allen, September 2001, article

Christopher Allen: Islamophobia in the Media since 9/11

• According to Christopher Allan, “the media’s portrayal and representation of islam” has “been one of the most prevalent, virulent and socially significant sources of Islamophobia in this country.”

• “it is fair to state that it is the most accessible and indiscriminate disseminator of suchideas in our global environment.”

• “Through indiscriminately saddling stories about Muslims in Afghanistan and Palestine with similar stories of Muslims in Britain, both the press and the wider media have deliberately overlooked the diversity that exists in both the British and global Islamic community.”

• “For the majority of the British media, this has been stated and subsequently reiterated in a way that stresses that this is probable of ALL Muslims.”

 

•  This repetitious use of Abu Hamsa's face and his subsequent words have
  brought about a situation where those reading this and who are ignorant of the
  Muslim community, must begin to believe that he is a significant and largely
  representative voice.

• He has become the press's mythical, personified construct that incorporates all the
  Islamophobic stereotypes that have become the pretext for much contemporary
  reporting. He is the Islamophobe's perfect caricature.
• the media is seeking out those with the loudest voices who fit their own agenda rather than fitting the agenda around the more significant voices, deliberately suggesting a cynicism where all Muslims have synonymous views.
• The press have cleverly intertwined many other xenophobically charged issues into their coverage.
• Islamophobia is dangerous because it does not respect the individual. It is an
indiscriminate prejudice that tarnishes every Muslim irrespective of social, ethnic or cultural orientation.
• that it has its effects on the motives and attitudes of millions of individuals, that in turn determines their behaviour to and beliefs about Muslims.

http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2011/07/22/media-blamed-for-islamophobia-in-britain

• Brits are most likely to blame the media for Islamophobia in the UK, according to a new survey.
• Asked "which one of the following groups do you think is most to blame for Islamophobia in the UK", 29% of people blamed the media.
• 'Muslims abroad' came second, with 14% of the vote, followed by far-right political groups such as the BNP, with 13%.
• Eleven per cent blamed Muslims in the UK while ten per cent blamed politicians and government.
• Only one per cent of respondents questioned whether there was Islamophobia in the UK.
• The ComRes survey found that young people were more likely to blame the media for fear of Muslims while older people were more likely to blame Muslims in the UK.
• Just 18% of the 65+ age group blamed the media, compared to 40% of 18 to 24-year-olds.
• When asked whether Muslims in the UK were to blame, only eight per cent of 18-24s agreed, compared to 15% of 55 to 63-year olds.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1528485/Media-contributing-to-rise-of-Islamophobia.html

• Muhammad Abdul Bari, the secretary-general of the Muslim Council of Britain, fears that continued negative attitudes towards people of his faith could provoke a vast and angry backlash.
• "There are a few bad apples in the Muslim community who are doing terrible acts and we want to root them out," Dr Bari told The Sunday Telegraph.
• "But some police officers and sections of the media are demonising Muslims, treating them as if they're all terrorists — and that encourages other people to do the same
• "If that demonisation continues, then Britain will have to deal with two million Muslim terrorists — 700,000 of them in London," he said. "If you attack a whole community, it becomes despondent and aggressive."
• He did not understand why "the whole of our diverse community" was being targeted. "When the IRA was blowing people up, the entire Catholic population of Britain was not demonised, so why is it happening to the Muslim community?"
• He said it was "ridiculous" that moderate Muslims had been accused of not speaking out. "When we speak we are ignored by the media, but when Abu Hamza or Omar Bakri Mohammed say something they are all over the papers."
• Islamophobia was also making it hard for Muslims to rise to senior jobs, and unemployment among Muslims was far higher than the national average.
• He called for more Muslim representation in the police force, Parliament and other areas of public life. "Young Muslims need role models to show them they can play a part in British society."
• His comments come days after Peter Clarke, the head of the Metropolitan Police anti-terrorist branch, said "thousands" of British Muslims were being watched by police and MI5 over suspected terrorist links.

http://www.islamicinvitationturkey.com/2012/08/12/london-olympics-spread-islamophobia/

• While Muslims are major victims of racial hatred and terror in the British society, now as the world’s most significant sports event takes place, once again these victims are considered as suspects and accusing fingers have been pointed at them.
• According to a TELL MAMA project, the main victims of Islamophobic attacks in Britain are Muslim women and of those, the most likely to be subjected to anti-Muslim incidents are those wearing hijab.
• The research also found that the main perpetrators of the anti-Muslim attacks in the UK are white males between the ages of 20 and 50, with one third of them having a link to the far-right English Defence League (EDL) or the British National Party (BNP).

http://www.channel4.com/news/exclusive-blair-condemns-plans-to-burn-koran

• Former Prime Minister Tony Blair tells Channel 4 News that plans to burn copies of the Koran do not represent the west, as President Obama warns it could be used as an al-Qaeda recruitment tool
• Obama urged Pastor Terry Jones to reconsider his decision, saying it could endanger US troops.
• "This is a recruitment bonanza for al-Qaeda
• "You could have serious violence in places like Pakistan or Afghanistan. This could increase the recruitment of individuals who would be willing to blow themselves up in American cities or European cities," he said.

• Former prime minister Tony Blair who set up a Faith Foundation told Channel 4 News "This will undoubtedly be used by people who want to exploit these issues to say 'this shows what the west thinks of Islam; what Christians think of Muslims', and of course it's completely wrong, but this is why it's such a stupid and disgraceful and disrespectful thing to do
• There has been a huge increase in the rise of Islamophobia both in Europe and the US. The recent examples of banning minarets in Switzerland and the banning of veils in France clearly shows that the entire Muslim community has been demonised.
• "The most recent example of the German chancellor awarding a national honour to the cartoonist who caused a huge disturbance of public peace was as an irresponsible act which promotes people to incite religious and racial hatred," he said.

Peter Gottschalk: Islamophobia, Making Muslims the Enemy BOOK

• The words that come to mind when brainstorming Islam or Muslim most americans had given were accoiciated with violence : Osama Bin laden, 9/11, Suicide bombers, jihad, veiling, islamic laws, saudi arabia, iraq, iran and muhammed ali.

 

 

Media Capital and the Representation of South Asian Muslims in the British Press: An Ideological Analysis Journal

 

- As a result of racism and discrimination in the labour market, far less of the Muslim community is managerial or professional in socio-economic status.

 

- Muslims have been characterised as barbaric, ignorant, closed-minded semi-citizens, maddened terrorists or as intolerant religious zealots.

 

-

 

My Critical Investigation Post *Islamphobia*

                               Year 13 Critical Investigation proposal form

Working title
Does the Media Encourage Islamphobia?

Angle
What impact has post 9/11 had on Muslim’s? Is the media encouraging Islamphobia in the sense of video games, T.V comedies and documentaries? Is this simply moral panic due to post 9/11 events?

Linked production piece

- Channel 4 style Documentary video report, looking at the impact of Muslim’s and non-Muslim views on Islamphobia. This documentary will include views of people from Southall (large Muslim community) the interviews will be with Mosque Leader, Female Muslim councillor of Southall, Business owners and Students. The non-muslims reports will be from the constable in charge of Southall police station, author of a book on Islamphobia and non Muslim members of the publics views.

-Advert for MAMA (which is a hotline for Muslim’s to ring if they have been assaulted for example a woman’s head scarf has been pulled off while shopping). This advert will show a muslim woman in a headscarf being treated differently to other because she is muslim and wears a headscarf. For example she gets stared at by people on the tube. It can be like a stop campaign against Islamphobia.

- Music video, similar to Lowkey Terrorist.

Research plan (media texts and academic texts)

Media texts
Channel 4 documentaries (Dispatches)

Panorama

Citizen Khan

Four lions

TV documentaries

BBC programme on undercover Muslim radicals

http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b01n8zwn/Week_In_Week_Out_Undercover_Islamic_Extremists/

Channel 4 documentary called “Islam the untold story”

http://www.channel4.com/programmes/islam-the-untold-story/4od

Academic texts

-      Christopher Allen: Islamophobia (1 Nov 2010)

ISBN: 978-0-7546-5140-6

ISBN Short: 9780754651406

-      Peter Gottschalk: Islamophobia, Making Muslims the Enemy (26 Jul 2007)

-      Humayun Ansari and Farid Hafez: From the Far Right to the Mainstream, Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media (21 Aug 2012)

-      John L. Esposito and Ibrahim Kalin: Islamophobia: The Challenge of Pluralism in the 21st Century (14 Apr 2011)

-      Stephen Sheehi: Islamophobia: The Ideological Campaign Against Muslims (15 Nov 2010)

Critical Investigation Post

Which assessment objectives are examined in Mest 4?

AO1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of media concepts, contexts (and critical debates)

AO2 Apply knowledge and understanding when analysing media products and processes (and evaluating their own practical work) to show how meanings and responses are created

 

How recent is a ‘contemporary’ text, according to AQA?

5 years

 

How long should the critical investigation be?

2000 words

 

Can the critical investigation be carried out in groups?

No

 

In what part of the assignment are you required to record evidence of secondary research?

Critical research

 

What is the maximum length for a moving image production?

No more than 5 minutes

 

What is the maximum requirement for a print production per individual?

Should be at least 3 pages

 

What is the maximum production group size?

No more than 4

 

What is the highest level awarded in the level descriptors?

Level 4

 

Select 10 keywords from the Level 4 descriptor for each of:

 

Analytical investigation,

Clear, critical perspective,

Wide-ranging research,

Wide range of academic,

Media and contextual sources

Demonstrates sophisticated research

Sophisticated knowledge and understanding of media concepts,

Contexts and critical debates relevant to the chosen area of investigation

Linked production piece effectively within the contemporary media landscape

Fluent

  An honest assessment of your presentation to class

My presentation was satisfactory, I feel I included the right information such as I covered the codes and conventions, genre and I also explained any representations and stereotypes on Pakistani men.


I also included pictures and a YouTube clip from east is east to interact with the audience, this allowed me to show examples of how Pakistani men are interested. I also went into to detail of the main character talking about mis en scene. I included detail of the why the settings of the film were shot in that specific time period. I also gave my own evaluation in the end. I also provided 3 film reviews which supported my text analysis.


What your first thoughts are for your critical investigation


- How Muslims are represented in the media, post 9/11?

 

- How teenagers are stereotyped in today’s media?

Possible ideas for your linked production piece

 -   Documentary on how citizen khan has causes complaints etc. This will include a documentary going around Southall (large Asian Muslim community). Interviews will be with the mosque leader, Muslim councillor, young Muslims, older Muslims, Muslim business leaders in the local area and non-Muslims thoughts.

-      A comedy similar to citizen Khan which was aired on BB1